NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program
On February 15, 2013, a 36-year-old male career lieutenant (Victim #1) and a 54-year-old male career lieutenant (Victim #2) were killed and two career fire fighters were injured (FF1 and FF2) at an assembly hall fire. At approximately 2320 hours, the fire department responded to a reported assembly hall fire with flames visible. Upon arrival, fire was observed by the fire department burning at the roof level in the area of the A/B corner.
Read the Report:
Two Career Lieutenants Killed and Two Career Fire Fighters Injured Following a Flashover at an Assembly Hall Fire
After arriving units conducted 360-degree walk-arounds, offensive interior operations were employed to stop the fire’s progression. The first interior attack crew (Victim #1 and his probationary fire fighter) advanced a hoseline toward what they believed was the seat of the fire. After discovering the fire in the A/B corner and flowing water on it, Victim #1 and his probationary fire fighter both became low on air. Victim #1 told his probationary fire fighter they needed to exit. Both began following the hoseline out, with the probationary fire fighter in front.
However, for an unknown reason, Victim #1 was unable to follow the hoseline and he became separated from his probationary fire fighter. Victim #1 radioed for help. The probationary fire fighter called out to Victim #1 but did not receive an answer nor did he hear any alarms. He then continued following the hoseline to the outside. At this time, an engine company (Victim #2, FF1, and FF2), which was designated as the rapid intervention team (RIT), was immediately deployed into the structure to locate Victim #1. The RIT followed the hoseline in and was able to locate Victim #1, who was responsive. While dragging Victim #1 toward the exit, the RIT was caught in a flashover.
Following the flashover, all of them were quickly removed and transported to local hospitals. Unfortunately, Victim #1 did not survive his injuries. FF1, FF2 and Victim #2 were transferred to a regional burn center for extensive treatment where Victim #2 later succumbed to his injuries.
Contributing Factors:
- Nonsprinklered commercial building
- Risk management principles not effectively used
- High-risk, low-frequency incident
- Fire ground strategy, tactics, and ventilation
- Rapid fire progression
- Fire burned and spread undetected above the ceiling
- Crew integrity
- SCBA air management
- Fire ground communications
- Flashover.
Key Recommendations:
- Fire departments should use risk management principles at all structure fires.
- Fire departments should ensure that incident commanders and fire fighters understand the influence strategy and tactics (e.g., ventilation) may have on fire behavior and fire fighter safety and consider whether traditional firefighting tactics are appropriate.
- Fire departments should ensure that an established incident management system on a fireground is appropriate and effective as it relates to that specific incident.
- Fire departments should ensure that a complete situational size-up is conducted on all structure fires.
- Fire departments should ensure that crew integrity is properly maintained by face-to-face contact or radio contact when operating in an immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) atmosphere.
